As an expert in HVACR technologies, I have witnessed the potential of heat pumps to revolutionize the way we heat and cool our homes. With their ability to use electricity instead of fossil fuels, heat pumps offer a clean and green alternative that is both environmentally friendly and efficient. And with new designs making them more suitable for a variety of conditions, it's clear that heat pumps could be the future of home heating. Unlike traditional heating systems that generate heat, heat pumps simply transfer it. In the winter, they capture heat from outside, even in cold climates, and release it inside.
And in the summer, they reverse this process, capturing heat from inside and releasing it outside to create a cooler interior space. There are three main types of heat pumps: air, water, and geothermal, each differentiated by where they collect heat from. But heat pumps aren't just limited to regulating indoor temperatures. They can also be used as water heaters for homes, buildings, and swimming pools. This versatility makes them an efficient and sustainable solution for both residential and commercial spaces. When it comes to heating and cooling, the commercial and residential sectors are responsible for 13% of total emissions in the United States.
These emissions are mainly due to the use of fossil fuels for heat generation. As we shift towards cleaner energy sources like natural gas and renewables, which produce less carbon, heat pumps offer a crucial opportunity to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. However, despite the steady growth in new construction and the availability of this technology for decades, there have been challenges in wider adoption of heat pumps. Concerns about performance in colder climates, installation and operating costs, inconsistent policies and incentives, and the need for training for HVAC technicians have all contributed to this delay. To address these challenges, initiatives like the Department of Energy's (DOE) residential heat pump technology challenge for cold climates have been launched. This program aims to accelerate the performance of heat pump technology in colder climates by partnering with leading HVAC companies to improve efficiency and capacity at low ambient temperatures.
As advancements are made in the residential market, they are expected to quickly transfer to commercial applications, accelerating their adoption. To learn more about the engineering behind these advancements, check out our third installment of our heat pump technology series. One of the main barriers to wider adoption of heat pumps is the cost. Installation costs can be higher in existing buildings, where retrofitting can be challenging and require integration with existing systems. While costs may vary, modernizing a heat pump in a building or house can sometimes be more expensive than installing or replacing traditional fossil-fuel HVAC systems. Another factor to consider is the trend in natural gas and electricity rates and their impact on operating costs through electrification. In many parts of the US, electricity prices are expected to increase more significantly than gasoline prices over time.
While infrastructure upgrades may increase initial costs, taking a building-wide approach can help homeowners save in the long run. Since operating costs are a major factor in achieving efficiency, evaluating the entire building envelope by making improvements like new windows and insulation can help maximize the investment in heat pumps. These improvements can also reduce monthly utility costs, which can add up significantly over time. Additionally, there are various government and utility company incentives available to help mitigate the higher initial costs associated with installing a heat pump. Many utility companies offer discounts for heat pumps that meet certain requirements and other energy-efficient solutions. The energy-efficient home improvement credit offers a tax credit of 30% of installation costs for HVAC products that meet the highest level of efficiency, including heat pumps. And the Inflation Reduction Act includes point-of-sale discounts for low and moderate-income families, as well as tax credits for the purchase of higher-efficiency heat pumps, all designed to increase adoption in both new and existing homes and buildings. As the US grid continues to shift towards renewable resources and technological advancements are made, especially in heat pumps that operate efficiently in extremely low temperatures, we can expect to see more unified decarbonization policies.
However, some regional differences may still exist. In this transition phase, as we strive for a more sustainable world, consumers need options that they can implement today. At Copeland, we fully support decarbonization policies that allow for flexibility, including the use of dual fuel systems. To learn more about how policies, regulations, and discounts will drive the adoption of heat pumps, check out our second installment of our heat pump technology series. As more experienced service technicians begin to retire, new technicians are joining the industry and need to quickly receive training on how to properly size and install heat pump systems. That's why Copeland has ongoing programs to support the training and development of the next generation of qualified professionals, including a partnership with the National Coalition of...
